What are the three primary components of hair?

The three primary components of hair are the cuticle, cortex, and medulla. The cuticle is the outermost layer, consisting of overlapping translucent cells that protect the inner layers of the hair and contribute to its overall shine and smoothness. The cortex lies beneath the cuticle and is the thickest layer, containing fibrous proteins and pigments that give hair its strength, color, and texture. The medulla, although not present in all types of hair, is the innermost layer and may play a role in hair thickness and overall structure.

Understanding these components is crucial for hair care and treatment practices, as each part has specific functions that affect the hair's health and appearance. For instance, damage to the cuticle can lead to frizz and breakage, while changes in the cortex can alter hair color and texture. The presence or absence of the medulla can also influence how certain chemical treatments affect hair.